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5、第五类故障点是传感器和仪表

这类故障在控制系统中一般反映在信号的不正常，这类设备安装时信号线的屏蔽层应单端可靠接地，并尽量与动力电缆分开敷设，特别是高干扰的变频器输出电缆，而且要在PIC内部进行软件滤波。这类故障的发现及处理也和日常点巡检有关，发现问题应及时处理。

6、第六类故障主要是电源、地线和信号线的噪声(干扰)

问题的解决或改善主要在于工程设计时的经验和日常维护中的观察分析。

要减小故障率，很重要的一点是要重视工厂工艺和安全操作规程，在日常的工作中要遵守工艺和安全操作规程，严格执行—些相关的规定，如保持集中控制室的环境等等，同时在生产中也应加强这些方面的管理。

过程控制系统本身是一个完整的系统，所以在分析故障或处理故障时也要注意系统性，单独的对某一部分的优化有时并不能提高系统的整体性能。如过分追求元器件的精度而不考虑实际的需要以及和相关设备精度的匹配，将徒然增加系统成本。在日常维护中也有过把系统越改越复杂的现象，如采用复杂的控制方式和设备来实现本可以用简单装置来实现的控制，违背了经济、简单、实用的原则，并可能会增加故障率，这也是要注意的地方。5. The fifth type of fault points are sensors and instruments



This kind of fault is generally reflected in the abnormal signal in the control system. When installing this kind of equipment, the shielding layer of the signal line should be reliably grounded at one end, and should be laid separately from the power cable as far as possible, especially the frequency converter output cable with high interference, and software filtering should be carried out inside the PIC. The discovery and handling of such failures are also related to routine patrol inspection. Problems found shall be handled in time.



6. The sixth type of fault is mainly the noise (interference) of power supply, ground wire and signal wire



The solution or improvement of the problem mainly depends on the experience in engineering design and observation and analysis in daily maintenance.



In order to reduce the failure rate, it is very important to pay attention to the process and safety operation procedures of the factory, abide by the process and safety operation procedures in daily work, strictly implement some relevant regulations, such as maintaining the environment of the centralized control room, etc., and strengthen the management of these aspects in production.



The process control system itself is a complete system, so it is also necessary to pay attention to the systematicness when analyzing or dealing with faults. The optimization of a certain part alone sometimes cannot improve the overall performance of the system. If the precision of components is excessively pursued without considering the actual needs and matching with the precision of relevant equipment, the system cost will be increased in vain. In daily maintenance, there has also been the phenomenon of changing the system more and more complex. For example, using complex control methods and equipment to achieve the control that could be achieved with simple devices violates the principles of economy, simplicity and practicality, and may increase the failure rate. This is also the place to be noted.