MVGA-AVGA3-505213
介绍
范围和目标
本电气安装手册的范围是向设计师和
用户可快速参考电厂的电气设备，立即使用工作工具。
本文件既不是理论文件，也不是技术目录，
但是，除了后者之外，目的是帮助正确定义
在许多实际安装情况下。
电厂的尺寸确定需要了解不同的因素
例如，与安装公用设施、电导体和其他
组件；这一知识引导设计工程师咨询众多
文件和技术目录。本电气安装手册，
然而，其目的是在单个文件中提供表格，用于快速定义
电厂部件的主要参数和选择
广泛安装的保护装置。一些应用程序
包括示例以帮助理解选择表。
电气安装手册用户
电气安装手册是一种适用于所有
对电气设备感兴趣：对安装人员和维护技术人员有用
通过简短但重要的电工参考资料，以及销售工程师
通过快速参考选择表。
电气安装手册的有效性
由于选择的泛化，一些表格显示了近似值
过程，例如关于
电机。在每种情况下，只要可能，都会给出校正系数
对于可能不同于假设条件的实际情况。这些桌子是
始终保守地制定，以利于安全；为了更准确
计算时，建议使用DOCWin软件进行尺寸标注
电气安装标准1
1.1一般方面
在每个技术领域，尤其是在电气领域，一个条件
足够（即使没有必要）根据
“先进的技术”和适当满足需求的必要要求
尊重所有相关法律和
技术标准。
因此，准确了解标准是根本前提
对于正确处理发电厂问题的方法
设计目的是确保“可接受的安全水平”，这是永远不会
完全的
司法标准
这些都是从中衍生出司法行为规则的标准
受该国主权管辖的人。
技术标准
这些标准是所有处方的基础
机器、仪器、材料和装置的设计，
制造和测试，以确保效率和功能安全。
由国家和国际机构发布的技术标准包括：
间接起草的，并且当其由
立法措施。
应用领域
电工与机械、人机工程学
电子学
电信
和安全
国际组织IEC ITU ISO
欧洲机构CENELEC ETSI CEN
本技术集仅考虑处理电气和电子的机构
技术。
国际电工委员会
国际电工委员会（IEC）于年正式成立
1906年，旨在确保在以下方面的国际合作：
电气和电子技术的标准化和认证。这
协会由40多个国家的国际委员会组成
在世界各地。
IEC发布国际标准、技术指南和报告
对任何国家而言，基础或在任何情况下都是重要的参考资料吗
和欧洲标准化活动。
IEC标准通常以两种语言发布：英语和法语。
1991年，IEC批准了与欧洲电工标准化委员会（CENELEC）的合作协议
标准化机构），用于共同规划新的标准化活动
以及标准草案的平行投票。
1标准
4 ABB SACE-保护和控制装置
1.1一般方面
1标准
欧洲电工标准化委员会
欧洲电工标准化委员会（CENELEC）是
成立于1973年。目前包括27个国家（奥地利、比利时、捷克、
共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、，
冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、拉脱维亚、立陶宛、卢森堡、马耳他、荷兰、挪威、，
葡萄牙、波兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、瑞士、美国
王国），并与8个附属公司（阿尔巴尼亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、，
保加利亚、克罗地亚、塞浦路斯、罗马尼亚、土耳其、乌克兰）
国家文件与CENELEC文件并排，然后被替换
他们和H MVGA-AVGA3-505213
 MVGA-AVGA3-505213
Introduction
Scope and objectives
The scope of this electrical installation handbook is to provide the designer and
user of electrical plants with a quick reference, immediate-use working tool.
This is not intended to be a theoretical document, nor a technical catalogue,
but, in addition to the latter, aims to be of help in the correct definition of
equipment, in numerous practical installation situations.
The dimensioning of an electrical plant requires knowledge of different factors
relating to, for example, installation utilities, the electrical conductors and other
components; this knowledge leads the design engineer to consult numerous
documents and technical catalogues. This electrical installation handbook,
however, aims to supply, in a single document, tables for the quick definition of
the main parameters of the components of an electrical plant and for the selection
of the protection devices for a wide range of installations. Some application
examples are included to aid comprehension of the selection tables.
Electrical installation handbook users
The electrical installation handbook is a tool which is suitable for all those who
are interested in electrical plants: useful for installers and maintenance technicians
through brief yet important electrotechnical references, and for sales engineers
through quick reference selection tables.
Validity of the electrical installation handbook
Some tables show approximate values due to the generalization of the selection
process, for example those regarding the constructional characteristics of
electrical machinery. In every case, where possible, correction factors are given
for actual conditions which may differ from the assumed ones. The tables are
always drawn up conservatively, in favour of safety; for more accurate
calculations, the use of DOCWin software is recommended for the dimensioning
of electrical installations1 Standards
1.1 General aspects
In each technical field, and in particular in the electrical sector, a condition
sufficient (even if not necessary) for the realization of plants according to the
“status of the art” and a requirement essential to properly meet the demands
of customers and of the community, is the respect of all the relevant laws and
technical standards.
Therefore, a precise knowledge of the standards is the fundamental premise
for a correct approach to the problems of the electrical plants which shall be
designed in order to guarantee that “acceptable safety level” which is never
absolute.
Juridical Standards
These are all the standards from which derive rules of behavior for the juridical
persons who are under the sovereignty of that State.
Technical Standards
These standards are the whole of the prescriptions on the basis of which
machines, apparatus, materials and the installations should be designed,
manufactured and tested so that efficiency and function safety are ensured.
The technical standards, published by national and international bodies, are
circumstantially drawn up and can have legal force when this is attributed by a
legislative measure.
Application fields
Electrotechnics and Mechanics, Ergonomics
Electronics
Telecommunications
and Safety
International Body IEC ITU ISO
European Body CENELEC ETSI CEN
This technical collection takes into consideration only the bodies dealing with electrical and electronic
technologies.
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) was officially founded in
1906, with the aim of securing the international co-operation as regards
standardization and certification in electrical and electronic technologies. This
association is formed by the International Committees of over 40 countries all
over the world.
The IEC publishes international standards, technical guides and reports which
are the bases or, in any case, a reference of utmost importance for any national
and European standardization activity.
IEC Standards are generally issued in two languages: English and French.
In 1991 the IEC has ratified co-operation agreements with CENELEC (European
standardization body), for a common planning of new standardization activities
and for parallel voting on standard drafts.
1 Standards
4 ABB SACE - Protection and control devices
1.1 General aspects
1 Standards
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) was
set up in 1973. Presently it comprises 27 countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United
Kingdom) and cooperates with 8 affiliates (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Romania, Turkey, Ukraine) which have first maintained
the national documents side by side with the CENELEC ones and then replaced
them with the Harmonized Documents (HD). CENELEC hopes and expects
Cyprus to become the 28th members before May 2004.
There is a difference between EN Standards and Harmonization Documents
(HD): while the first ones have to be accepted at any level and without additions
or modifications in the different countries, the second ones can be amended to
meet particular national requirements.
EN Standards are generally issued in three languages: English, French and
German.
From 1991 CENELEC cooperates with the IEC to accelerate the standards
preparation process of International Standards.
CENELEC deals with specific subjects, for which standardization is urgently
required.
When the study of a specific subject has already been started by the IEC, the
European standardization body (CENELEC) can decide to accept or, whenever
necessary, to amend the works already approved by the International
standardization body.
EC DIRECTIVES FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
Among its institutional roles, the European Community has the task of
promulgating directives which must be adopted by the different member states
and then transposed into national law.
Once adopted, these directives come into juridical force and become a reference
for manufacturers, installers, and dealers who must fulfill the duties prescribed
by law.
Directives are based on the following principles:
• harmonization is limited to essential requirements;
• only the products which comply with the essential requirements specified by
the directives can be marketed and put into service;
• the harmonized standards, whose reference numbers are published in the
Official Journal of the European Communities and which are transposed into
the national standards, are considered in compliance with the essential
requirements;
• the applicability of the harmonized standards or of other technical specifications
is facultative and manufacturers are free to choose other technical solutions
which ensure compliance with the essential requirements;
• a manufacturer can choose among the different conformity evaluation procedure provided by the applicable directive.
The scope of each directive is to make manufacturers take all the necessary
steps and measures so that the product does not affect the safety and health | | |
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