自营9905-990备件注意事项，日常维护

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9905-990备件注意事项，日常维护

中煤大屯电厂运维部负责人表示，通过采用ABB iVD4®中压开关智能化解决方案，进一步提升了发电厂配电系统的安0可靠性，让过去繁琐的日常运维管理工作变得高效、迅速，同时也节省了人力和物力成本，促进电厂的绿色、智能化发展。ABB致力于将领0技术与行业专长完美结合，携手帮助合作伙伴加快数字化转型和绿色智能化发展。从2019年开始，ABB已陆续为中煤大屯电厂及大屯姚桥煤矿项目提供了65台iVD4智能断路器及0套智能化解决方案，实现了高效智能、绿色低碳和安0可靠的智能化转型。未来，ABB将继续助力中煤集团智能矿山建设及中国智能电网发展，谱写煤炭产业绿色建设新篇章。现在有好多工业设备硬件维修人员，好多是从培训学校出来从业的。培训学校教学内容，大抵是根据国产变频器作为教材培训的，关于伺服（运动控制）设备的讲解也不多，直流调速器的内容更是少之又少。不得不说培训机构促进了工业设备维修行业的普及，出来的学弟学妹们也不泛0的从业同行。但这个行业有一个短板，维修的理论储备和实操经验一样很重要，而更多的进口品牌和大品牌，人家的设计方案，和产品定位远不止于风机水泵变频器应用那么简单，综合且多样化，维修起来就有点压力了。

变频器和直流调速器，其实直流调速器的发展更早，但发展速度方面，应用之广，变频器已经遥遥领0于直流调速器，这就是为什么国家发展工业都二三十年了，国内竟然没有一家出色的直流调速器生产商。根据从业经验来看，高精度，大功率的直流调速器，清一色的进口货，在直流调速器技术方面，可以说连日本都不如欧美企业，但日本在运动控制领域却十分厉害。市场上常见的调速器品牌如：德国西门子；瑞典abb；英国欧陆（Parker）590；美国ct艾默生;美国a.b罗克韦尔；意大利安萨尔多等等。当然还有一些冷门牌子，0没有一家国产品牌，包括台湾。

微信里有同行问，直流调速器输出到底接几根线？可见在工业设备维修的普及有多远。直流调速器原理都是控制马达做功，顾名思义，直流调速器能控制的，当然就是直流马达了。大功率直流马达制造复杂，价格昂贵，数字直流调速器的特点是体积小，输出功率大，技术难点是控制电路复杂且要求0高的响应速度。举个例子：660v交流变频器要做到1500kw以上的功率，硬件成本不说，光机箱大小就得好几个十个立方了吧，直流调速器输出同样功率的块头，两个立方米足够了。直流调速器在钢铁、橡塑、能源、化工等大功率，低速高扭应用的场合，一直有着和变频同样重要的地位。

很多说伙伴说，直流调速器就是低速高扭，应用场合范围较窄，这个观点就值得商榷啦，我就见个糖果厂整条生产设备用的欧陆590做驱动控制的，而且是十几年前的产品，控制板还是模拟的那种。也有木夹板生产厂家用ct直流调速器作为圆木取层。这样的工作要求相当的高，圆木木材越转越小，刨出的层板不仅要求光滑，厚薄均匀，无断裂，力矩变化范围也很大，一般变频器也很难胜任的。该批复工复产的企业包括汽车制造、集成电路、生物医药、装备制造等重点行业，因其生产产品的特殊性，无论是制造业还是生产性服务业对整个市场上下游供应链的安0稳定都产生重要影响。
复工复产势不可挡，可问题来了，交通受阻、人员紧缺情况下，生产库存、物流和供应链保障，以及人员又是一大难题。静态管理以来，大家除了关心复工复产的时间，日常0大的焦虑莫过于如何塞满自己的冰箱。对于已经复工复产的员工来说，不仅要承受疫情之下的安0风险，还要考虑各种生活和工作的不便。
试想一下，这种复工条件下，你的心理状态是否会发生变化呢？为了保供保生产而复工复产的企业员工外，还有千千万的劳动者，他们是医生、是警察、是基层公务人员、是快递员、外卖员、环卫工人，都依然坚守在各自的工作岗位，默默地守护着这座城，义无反顾的为“战疫”清零而忙碌。李大钊曾经说过：人生求乐的方法，莫过于尊重劳动。一切的乐境，都可由劳动得来，一切的苦境，都可由劳动解脱工控机（Industrial Personal Computer，IPC）即工业控制计算机，是一种采用总线结构，对生产过程及机电设备、工艺装备进行检测与控制的工具总称。工控机具有重要的计算机属性和特征，如具有计算机CPU、硬盘、内存、外设及接口，并有操作系统、控制网络和协议、计算能力、友好的人机界面。工控行业的产品和技术非常特殊，属于中间产品，是为其他各行业提供可靠、嵌入式、智能化的工业计算机这批标准涉及网络安0、健康安0、生态环境、公共服务、现代农业等多个方面，其中包括了由0国工业过程测量控制和自动化标准化技术委员会(SAC/TC124)秘书处组织国内自动化领军企业、科研院所专家以及来自钢铁、化工、石油、石化、电力、核设施等领域的行业用户，结合DCS和PLC核心技术及工程实践，自主制定的6项推荐性国家标准。
    这六项标准包括GB/T33007-2016《工业通信网络　网络和系统安0　建立工业自动化和控制系统安0程序》、GB/T33008.1-2016《工业自动化和控制系统网络安0　可编程序控制器（PLC）》、GB/T33009.1-2016《工业自动化和控制系统网络安0　集散控制系统（DCS） 01部分：防护要求》等。
    《工业自动化和控制系统网络安0》系列标准从工业自动化和控制系统的不同网络层次和组成部分规定了网络安0的检测、评估、防护和管理等要求，为工控系统的设计方、设备生产商、系统集成商、工程公司、用户、资产所有人及评估认证机构等提供了可操作的工控安0标准。
    作为SAC/TC124秘书处承担单位，机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所梅恪副所长对网络安0标准进行了解读，并称其填补了国内外在该领域的空白，进一步完善了我国网络安0标准体系；促进我国自主工业控制系统网络安0产业和管理体系的形成；有力地保障了国家基础设施安0和国家利益安0电动机振动是电动机的运行现状之一，那么，你们知道电动机等电器设备使用的为什么是50Hz的交流电，而不是60Hz呢？

使用具有促进径向运动的角平面的模具形成的石墨组，其使有效密封所需的压缩负载小化。 这种压缩载荷的减小与石墨的软材料性质相结合产生了有效的密封并减少了行进杆上的摩擦负载。 软石墨环不会施加高摩擦力，而是变形到剪切摩擦力和材料强度之间的平衡点。 此外，密封所需的减小的压缩载荷意味着端环，通常是更坚固的编织材料，看到较小的压缩载荷，并且随后在移动的杆上施加较小的摩擦力。 这通常意味着与等效编织材料相比使用模具成形组产生较小的摩擦力。在碳上的PTFE显示出在图5中测试的编织物的低摩擦。

世界上有些国家，例如英美用的是60Hz的交流电，因为采用的是十二进制，什么12星座、12小时、120令等于1英镑等等。后来的国家都采用十进制了，所以频率是50Hz。那么，我们为什么要选用50Hz的交流电，而不是5Hz或400Hz呢？



如果频率低了会怎么样？



频率0低就是0，也就是直流。当年爱迪生为了证明特斯拉的交流电有危险，用交流电电死了一票小动物，如果大象也算小动物的话…客观上说，同样的电流大小下，人体耐受直流电的时间是要长于耐受交流电的时间，跟心室震颤什么的有关系，也就是交流电更危险。



可爱迪生0后也还是输给了特斯拉，交流电凭借方便改变电压等级的优势战胜了直流电。在输送功率相同的情况下，提高电压，送电电流会减小，消耗在线路上的能量也会随之降低,而直流送电另一个问题是难以开断，直到现在这个问题依旧是个困扰。直流输电的问题同平时拔电器插销时会出现电火花一样，当电流大到一定程度时，这个电火花是无法熄灭的，我们称之为“电弧”。



对于交流电而言，电流会改变方向，因而有电流过零的时刻，利用这个小电流时间点，我们可以通过灭弧装置切断线路电流。但直流电流方向不会改变，没有这个过零点，我们想要灭弧就很难了。一、变压器效率的问题

变压器是靠原边的磁场变化，感应到副边升压或降压的。磁场变化的频率越慢，感应是越弱的，0端情况就是直流，根本没有感应，所以频率太低了不行。



二、用电设备功率问题

举个例子来说，汽车发动机的转速就是他的频率，比如怠速时500转/分钟，加速换挡时是3000转/分钟，换算成频率分别是8.3Hz和50Hz。这就看出来了，转速越高，发动机的功率越大。


同样道理，在相同频率下，发动机越大，输出功率越大，这也是为什么柴油机个头都比汽油大的原因，个儿大劲儿大的柴油机才能带动公交卡车等重型汽车。



同理，电动机（或者说一切转动机械）既要求个头小，要求输出功率大，只有一个办法——提高转速，这也就是为什么交流电频率不能太低的原因，因为我们需要个头小但功率大的电动机。

China coal DaTun power plant operations, said an official with the department through the adoption of ABB iVD4 ® medium voltage switching intelligent solution, further enhance the safety and reliability of power distribution system, makes the past the daily operational management work less efficient, rapid, but also save the cost of manpower and material resources, promote the green and intelligent development of power plant. ABB is committed to combining leading technology with industry expertise to help partners accelerate digital transformation and green and intelligent development. Since 2019, ABB has successively provided 65 iVD4 intelligent circuit breakers and a full set of intelligent solutions for China Coal Datun Power Plant and Datun Yaoqiao Coal Mine project, realizing the intelligent transformation of high efficiency, green, low carbon, safety and reliability. In the future, ABB will continue to assist China National Coal In the construction of smart mines and the development of China's smart grid, and write a new chapter in the green construction of the coal industry. Now there are a lot of industrial equipment hardware maintenance personnel, many from the training school out of the business. The teaching content of the training school is mostly based on the domestic frequency converter as the teaching material training, and the explanation of servo (motion control) equipment is not much, and the content of DC governor is even less. It has to be said that training institutions promote the popularity of industrial equipment maintenance industry, out of the students are not extensive excellent peers in the industry. But this industry has a short board, maintenance of theoretical reserves and practical experience as important, and more imported brands and big brands, people's design, and product positioning is far more than the fan pump inverter application is so simple, comprehensive and diversified, maintenance is a bit of pressure.



Frequency converter and DC governor, in fact, the development of DC governor earlier, but the speed of development, wide application, frequency converter has far ahead of dc governor, which is why the country has been developing industry for 20 or 30 years, there is no outstanding DC governor manufacturer in China. According to experience, high-precision, high-power DC governor, all imported goods, in dc governor technology, it can be said that even Japan is not as good as European and American enterprises, but Japan is very fierce in the field of motion control. Common governor brands on the market such as: Germany Siemens; Sweden abb. Continental United Kingdom (Parker) 590; American CT Emerson; American A. B. Rockwell; Ansaldo, Italy and so on. Of course, there are also some unpopular brands, the only one without a domestic brand, including Taiwan.



Wechat peers asked, dc governor output in the end how many lines? It can be seen how far the popularity of industrial equipment maintenance is. Dc governor principle is to control motor to do power, as the name implies, dc governor can control, of course is dc motor. High power DC motor is complicated to manufacture and expensive. Digital DC governor is characterized by small volume and large output power. The technical difficulty is complex control circuit and high response speed. For example: 660V AC frequency converter to achieve more than 1500KW power, not to mention the hardware cost, the size of the light box must be several ten cubic bar, dc governor output the same power of the bulk, two cubic meters is enough. Dc governor in steel, rubber, energy, chemical and other high-power, low-speed and high-torsion applications, has been as important as frequency conversion.



Many partners say that dc governor is low speed and high twist, the scope of application is narrow, this point of view is worth discussing, I saw a candy factory the whole production equipment with the European Continent 590 do drive control, and is the product of more than ten years ago, the control board or simulation of the kind of. There are also wood plywood manufacturers household CT DC governor as a round wood layer. Such work requires quite high, log wood turning smaller, planed layer plate not only requires smooth, uniform thickness, no fracture, torque change range is also very large, the general inverter is also difficult to competent. The enterprises approved to resume production include automobile manufacturing, integrated circuits, biomedicine, equipment manufacturing and other key industries. Due to the particularity of their products, both manufacturing and producer services have an important impact on the security and stability of the upstream and downstream supply chains of the whole market.

The resumption of work is inevitable, but the problem is that production inventory, logistics and supply chain security, as well as personnel, are a big problem in the face of traffic jams and personnel shortages. Since the advent of static management, apart from concerns about the resumption of work and production, the biggest daily anxiety is how to fill their refrigerator. For employees who have returned to work, they not only have to bear the safety risks under the epidemic, but also have to consider the inconvenience of life and work.

Think about it. Will your mental state change when you go back to work? In order to protect to protect production and return to work and production staff, there are millions of workers, they are doctors, police, civil servants at the grass-roots level, is the Courier, delivery, sanitation workers, are still hold in their respective jobs, silently guarding the city, with no busy for "war plague" reset. Li Dazhao once said: the way to seek happiness in life is to respect labor. Industrial Personal Computer (IPC), namely Industrial control Computer, is a bus structure, the production process and mechanical and electrical equipment, process equipment testing and control tools. Industrial computer has important computer attributes and characteristics, such as computer CPU, hard disk, memory, peripherals and interfaces, and operating system, control network and protocol, computing power, friendly man-machine interface. Industrial control industry products and technology is very special, belongs to the intermediate products, is to provide reliable, embedded, intelligent industrial computers for other industries this batch of standards involving network security, health and safety, ecological environment, public services, modern agriculture and other aspects, Including the national Industrial Process Measurement Control and Automation Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC124) secretariat organized domestic automation leading enterprises, experts from research institutes and industry users from steel, chemical, petroleum, petrochemical, electric power, nuclear facilities and other fields, combined with DCS and PLC core technology and engineering practice, Six recommended national standards independently formulated.

The six standards include GB/T33007-2016 "industrial communication network network and system security establish industrial automation and control system security procedures", GB/T33008.1-2016 "Industrial automation and control system network security programmable controller (PLC)", GB/T33009.1-2016 "industry Automation and control systems - Network security distributed control systems (DCS) - Part 1: Protection requirements, etc.

"Industrial Automation and Control System Network security" series of standards from the industrial automation and control system of different network levels and components of the network security requirements such as detection, evaluation, protection and management. For industrial control system designers, equipment manufacturers, system integrators, engineering companies, users, asset owners and evaluation and certification bodies to provide operational industrial control safety standards.

SAC/TC124 secretariat undertake units, machinery industry instrumentation integrated technical and economic Research Institute Mei Ke, deputy director of the network security standards for understanding, and said that it filled the gap in the field at home and abroad, to further improve China's network security standards system; Promote the formation of China's independent industrial control system network security industry and management system; Motor vibration is one of the operating status of motors. Then, do you know why electric motors and other electrical equipment use 50Hz AC instead of 60Hz?